Human trials
Keto-Med: glucose and lipids tell different stories
Effect of a ketogenic diet versus Mediterranean diet on glycated hemoglobin in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The interventional Keto-Med randomized crossover trial
Published
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Fasting Free source summary: https://fastingfree.com/education/gardner-2022-keto-med/
PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY
What it found
The primary HbA1c comparison did not show a clear difference (P = 0.11). Mean triglyceride changes were −16% versus −5%, while LDL cholesterol changed +10% versus −5%, for ketogenic versus Mediterranean-plus diets. These are relative changes from baseline.
Keep these limits in view
Small complete-case analysis, medication adjustments, COVID-19 disruptions, and no washout complicate interpretation. Some sensitivity analyses favored keto. Secondary comparisons lacked multiplicity adjustment. The registry now lists a larger overall enrollment than this publication cohort.
Understand the context
- Evidence type
- Randomized crossover dietary trial
- Population or scope
- Adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes; primary-analysis participants were aged 41–77
- Sample or coverage
- Publication cohort: 42 randomized, 40 started, 33 with complete primary-outcome data
- Study duration or data period
- Planned 12 weeks per diet, then 12 weeks of follow-up; some phases extended during COVID-19
- Comparison
- Ketogenic versus Mediterranean-plus diets; both emphasized nonstarchy vegetables and avoiding added sugars and refined grains. No washout.
- Measured outcomes
- Primary: relative HbA1c change. Secondary: blood lipids and other metabolic measures. CGM outcomes were exploratory. ApoB was not reported and LDL particle size was not measured.
Research terms in this source
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